Zinc-air batteries (ZABs) supply excessive theoretical vitality density and intrinsic security, but their efficiency deteriorates quickly at low temperatures the place oxygen electrocatalysis, ion transport and interfacial stability are strongly compromised. Addressing these temperature-dependent limitations is central to enabling dependable operation in chilly environments. This evaluation summarizes latest progress in supplies engineering and electrolyte regulation towards low-temperature-tolerant ZABs. Advances in transition-metal–nitrogen–carbon (TM–N–C) catalysts, metallic oxides, high-entropy alloys (HEAs), and rising hybrid programs are summarized, highlighting how electronic-structure modulation, defect engineering, and synergistic multi-component interactions maintain oxygen discount and evolution kinetics below diminished thermal activation. As well as, latest progress in aqueous and gel polymer electrolytes is summarized, emphasizing the vital position of solvation-structure regulation and hydrogen-bond community disruption in suppressing water crystallization whereas preserving ionic conductivity at sub-zero temperatures. Views are offered on the mixing of catalytic and interfacial regulation with electrolyte engineering to advance ZABs towards reliable low-temperature operation.
