Spinels symbolize promising candidates for clear power electrocatalysis resulting from their abundance and digital construction adjustability. Nonetheless, their intrinsic catalytic activ-ity stays restricted. This assessment analyzes the elemental correlations between elec-tronic construction and catalytic efficiency in spinel-based electrocatalysts. It elucidates the important roles of coordination geometry e.g. tetrahedral vs. octahedral websites, and the digital configuration of lively steel facilities, together with d-band heart place and spin state. The functions of those digital construction modulation methods throughout in electrocatalytic reactions, encompassing the oxygen evolution response, oxygen reduc-tion response, hydrogen evolution response, nitrogen discount response, nitrate discount response, carbon dioxide discount response, and urea oxidation response had been additional analyzed. Synthesizing insights from these numerous response programs, this assessment pro-poses a common design paradigm for environment friendly spinel electrocatalysts: coordination en-gineering-d-band heart optimization-spin state modulation. Lastly, challenges in electronic-state management and future analysis frontiers are outlined, offering a strong mechanistic framework for the rational design of spinel electrocatalysts for sustainable power applied sciences.
